Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Brice Campo
Medicines for Malaria Venture, Switzerland
Keynote: Drug discovery to control and eradicate malaria
Time : 10:00-10:50
Biography:
Abstract:
Malaria is a devastating disease affecting millions of people each year yet, surprisingly, apart from the Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) there are relatively few effective treatments for Plasmodium falciparum and only one complete treatment for Plasmodium vivax.
This talk will briefly summarise the work of Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) and its mission to reduce the burden of malaria in disease-endemic countries by discovering, developing and facilitating delivery of new, effective and affordable antimalarial drugs in collaboration with international partners.
MMV manages a significant antimalarial pipeline and this has been strengthened in recent years with the delivery of new products, new clinical candidates and early stage discovery projects. The talk will explain both the challenges that need to be overcome and the strategy adopted to control and eradicate the disease, including definitions of target product and candidate profiles necessary for asexual blood stage cures (including single dose combination treatment), transmission blocking, vivax and chemoprotection.
Keynote Forum
Kiatichai Faksri
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Keynote: Whole genome sequence based genotypic-phenotypic comparisons of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing
Biography:
Assistant Professor Dr. Kiatichai graduated Ph.D. (Medical Microbiology) from Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand and postdoctoral studies from the National University of Singapore (NUS) for doing researches related to whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of M. tuberculosis. His research focuses on several aspects of TB such as drug resistant TB and molecular diagnosis of TB. In the last 4 years, 2014-2017, Dr. Kiatichai has published 25 research articles in which 15 of those he is the first and/or corresponding author.
Abstract:
Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The information regarding genotypic-phenotypic association of anti-TB drugs were limited, especially for the second line drugs. The aim of this study is to compare the concordant rate between whole genome sequence (WGS) based genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) (n = 293). Drug susceptibility test using standard proportional method (agar based test) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina platform of Mtb causing drug sensitive (n=51), mono-resistant (n=38), multi-drug resistant (MDR) (n = 96), MDR with fluoroquinolone resistant (n=84) and extensively-drug resistant (n = 23) TB in Thailand during 1998-2016 were performed. WGS analysis was performed using genetic mutation databases from PhyResSE and TB-Profiler program. It was found that the concordant rate between PhyResSE based genotype and phenotype of the first line drugs and second line drugs were 91.4% and 77.8%, respectively. The concordant rate between TB-profiler and phenotype of the first line drugs and second line drugs were 91.96% and 80.65% respectively. We found that particular drug in fluoroquinolone group were not homogeneously concordant to phenotypic results, e.g. Ofloxacin 90.3% vs Gatifloxacin was 56.6%. This study reported that the drug resistance mutation databases, especially for the second line drugs need to be improved. TB-Profiler database provide higher performance for detection of drug resistant TB for both the first and second line drugs. The mutations in gyrA and gyrB were not homogeneously associated to particular drug in fluoroquinolone groups.
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology | Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic studies | Drug discovery, development and formulations
Location: UK
Chair
Bożena Szermer Olearnik
Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy - PAS, Poland S
Session Introduction
Caroline Jain Beuguel
Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, France
Title: PHA-producing bacteria from deep sea environments: towards a new generation of therapeutics
Biography:
Abstract:
Poly-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are natural polymers, biodegradable and biocompatible, synthesized by many organisms, especially prokaryotes. There are over 150 kinds of these polyesters, accumulated in a wide variety of Bacteria as carbon and energy storage material. PHA granules are deposited intracellularly when microorganisms are cultivated in the presence of an excess of carbon source (carbohydrates, fatty acids etc.) together with a nitrogenous nutrient deficiency.
Due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, PHA can be used as biomaterials in medical or pharmaceutical fields, and numerous therapeutic micro/nanovectors have already been developed over the past two decades.
The present study highlights short and medium-chain-length-PHA (PHAscl-mcl) production capacities of aerobic and mesophilic deep-sea Bacteria, isolated duringIFREMER cruises from hydrothermal vents in Atlantic and Pacific oceans. According to standardized and optimized fermentation protocols, polymers with original and controlled chemical composition such as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxubutyrate (P3HB4HB) were produced by 7 different bacterial genera, including alpha and gamma proteobacteria.
Next, PHA have been modified by ‘green processes’ to obtain amphiphilic copolymers suitable for biomedical use, before grafting onto metal mesoporous nanoparticles. PHA-metal hybrid complex consists of a rigid iron cage, containing drugs or nucleic acids, coated with a protective organic ligand, made of biobased PHA. This new kind of structure allows better cohesion of the vectors in blood flow, internalization in target pathologic cells and improves stealth against the immune system. Finally, these new PHA-metal complexes, responding to drug delivery concept, are intended to increase the therapeutic benefit while minimizing side effects on the human body.
Muhammad Riaz
University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Title: Biological profiling and hepatorehabilitative potential of Mucuna pruriens in male albino rats
Biography:
Dr. Muhammad Riaz has completed his PhD from University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan and part of his PhD research work was conducted at University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. He is working as Lecturer at University of Sargodha, Pakistan. He has published more than 20 reserch papers in reputed journals and presented his research in various international conferences in United Kingdum, Japan and Pakistan. He has been serving as reviewer of reputed journals.
Abstract:
The present research was conducted to study the biological profile and hepatorehabilitative potential of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seeds using male albino rats as animal model. For the study, methanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds was prepared and antioxidant potential was determined. The seeds extract was screened for antimicrobial activity using well diffusion method. Results showed significant antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of extract. For hepatorehabilitative potential, the animals were divided into six groups intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) except the normal controls. The test group animals were treated with different doses of methanolic seeds extract. Significant (p<0.05) improvement in liver enzymes like ALT and AST activity was observed in dose dependent manner of seeds extract, while no significant improvement in ALP activity was observed as compared to control group animals. Significant (p<0.05) variation in serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentration was observed. Histopathology of liver tissue was also performed. Serious damage in liver cells (hepatocytes) structures in the CCl4 intoxicated group of animals was observed, while an improvement in the histoarchitecture of liver was observed in the positive control group animals treated with Silymarin and in the extract treated group animals. The study concluded that the Mucuna seeds possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity with therapeutic potential and may be used for the preparation of hepatoprotective medicines
C Y Tayimetha
Catholic university of Central Africa, Cameroon
Title: Yaoundé from 2009 to 2014) and determination of reference laboratory (Centre Pasteur, Cameroun) role in the surveillance of bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Biography:
Abstract:
The resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics as recommended by WHO, poses a real public health problem. Thus, a study of the sensitivity profiles and the determination of the role of the reference laboratory in the surveillance of this resistance were carried out in Yaoundé. The aims of this study were to contribute to the therapeutic management of infected patients with appropriate antibiotics; monitor the resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics; limit its emergence in order to preserve the recommended antibiotics. Objectives of the study were to study the susceptibility profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics and to determine the role of the laboratory in monitoring this resistance. This retrospective and prospective study, was carried out at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon from 1st January 2009 to 30 September 2014. It consisted of isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from the human genital specimens, identification and determination of their resistance phenotypes to antibiotics by the diffusion method in agar medium. This highlighted the role of the reference laboratory in resistance monitoring. A total of 193 strains of gonococci were isolated and identified. The most infected age classes were [20-29] and [30-39]. Men were more infected than women (sex ratio 2.01). Several phenotypes of resistance have been described. High resistance to penicillin G (93.3%), tetracycline (58.5%) and nalidixic acid (17.6%) were observed. Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, spectinomycin, and chloramphenicol were effective at resistance rates of 1.0%, 2.6%, 3.1% and 7.2%, respectively. The overall percentage of strains producing penicillinase is 81.1%. Only Ceftriaxone is still effective among the two WHO recommended molecules in Cameroon. The other (ciprofloxacin) should be monitored. As resistances to nalidixic acid (quinolone marker) have been observed since 2010 and continue to grow up exponentially (25% in 2013 and 50% in 2014). Monitoring Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistances to antibiotics is one of the best strategies to prevent resistances in order to preserve the recommended molecules. Centre Pasteur of Cameroon is the reference laboratory chosen by the WHO for monitoring the resistance of Neiseeria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics in Central Africa.
Hiba Zalloum
The University of Jordan, Jordan
Title: Comparative anti-proliferative effects of potential HER2 inhibitors on a panel of breast cancer cell lines
Biography:
Abstract:
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the erbB class of tyrosine kinase receptors that have been clinically validated as targets for cancer therapy. The gene of this protein (HER2/neu) is found to be amplified in 30% of breast cancers and a variety of cancers. Breast tumors are subtype specific, i.e. breast cancer subtypes have different expression patterns for ErbB receptors. In our initial work we used QSAR equations and their associated pharmacophore models to screen the national cancer institute (NCI) list of compounds and Drug Bank database to search for new promising HER2 structurally diverse inhibitory leads. Inhibitory activities of the resulted compounds were tested against HER2-overexpressing SKOV3 Ovarian cancer cell line and promising IC50 values were scored. In this study we have explored these active hits on different normal and breast cancer cell lines that represent different breast cancer subtypes with distinguished expression level of HER2 and HER1.
Fang Xiao Mei
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
Title: Endophytes diversity of medicinal plants and the discovery of their HIV activity
Biography:
Fang Xiaomei has completed her PhD in 2013 from Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Her major is Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy and she has been supported by one National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFCs No: 31400045).
Abstract:
In recent years, with the development of pharmaceutical research, many studies demonstrated that some medicinal plants showed antiviral activity. Therefore，it will be promising to find new secondary metabolites with anti-HIV activity from endophytes, which may produce the same or similar bioactive compounds as medicinal plants.
In this study, 144 medicinal plants, including 74 plants with antiviral or heat clearing and detoxifying effects and 70 plants with other efficacy, were sampled from different regions, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Shanxi, and Jiangxi province. After surface sterilization of entire samples, endophytic bacteria was isolated from different tissues using 7 isolation media. A total of 2168 strains of endophytic bacteria were obtained in this study. Colonization rate (CR%) were then calculated. The results showed CR% differed in regions, seasons, tissue parts of plant, and isolation media, suggesting Yunnan, spring, root part of plants were the best factors to isolate endophytes, respectively.
After preliminary screening according to phenotypic characteristics, 301 strains were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The 301 strains belonged to 3 Phylum, i.e., Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, including 66 genera, 10 orders and 36 families. Endophytic bacteria of medicinal plants showed relatively high diversity that 301 strains belonged to 117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by using 97% similarity as a cutoff. The richness, diversity and evenness were then calculated and showed that the endophytic communities differed among regions, seasons, plant tissues or isolated media. Among them, Yunnan, spring, root part of plants, and M5 medium were the best factors to isolate diverse strains, respectively.
A total of 1681 endophytic bacteria, i.e., 879 strains isolated from antiviral or clearing heat and detoxicating medicinal plants and 802 strains from other effective plants, were selected for anti-HIV screening. 3362 fermentative extracts were obtained from these 1681 strains using two different media. These extracts were then screened using a high throughput screening assay for anti-HIV agents. 324 samples were found positive, of which 110 extracts showed high activities against HIV (inhibition ratio ≥ 95%). 50 positive samples were selected based on lower cytotoxicity to SubT1. As a result, 76% of them (38 strains) were obtained from medicinal plants with functions of antiviral or Heat-Clearing and detoxification.
The possible mechanism of 13 extracts were then investigated with stable high anti-HIV-1 activity using a method of rapidly identifying targets for anti-HIV-1 compounds, and one of the extracts exhibits stable anti-HIV-1 activity and has similar mechanism with MK-0518, showing great potential for further development. The data demonstrated that endophytic bacteria from antiviral or clearing heat and detoxicating medicinal plants have a better capacity in producing anti-viral secondary metabolites.